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Angiogenesis in Gynaecological Cancers and Anti-angiogenesis Therapy Options

Christianne Amant*

Angiogenesis is required for the growth of primary tumours and secondary metastases in cancer, including gynaecological cancers. The development and improvement of anti-angiogenesis therapy in gynaecological cancers has been a major focus of fundamental and clinical research. Current anti-angiogenic agents, such as bevacizumab, have modest survival benefits in patients with gynaecological cancer. As a result, a better understanding of angiogenesis and the tumour microenvironment in gynaecological cancers is critical for developing more effective antiangiogenic therapies, whether alone or in combination with other therapeutic approaches. We discuss the molecular aspects of (tumour) blood vessel formation and the tumour microenvironment, as well as a comprehensive clinical review of current anti-angiogenic therapies for gynaecological cancers.We discuss the various phenotypes of angiogenic endothelial cells as potential therapeutic targets, as well as strategies for intervening in their metabolism and approaches for targeting their (inflammatory) tumour microenvironment.