萊婭·伊曼紐爾·馬丁
案例展示：
一名 17 歲患者，有 6 個月的左陰囊腫持續擴大病史，無副作用。在確診前的十四天，他在傍晚時分出現了二度發燒，但沒有發冷，同時還出現了無進展的咳嗽。幾週後，他的體重減輕了，飢餓感也減少了，隨後諮詢結束了。身體評估發現左側陰囊有一堅硬、多用途、非脆弱的強腫塊，伴隨腹股溝淋巴結腫大。甲胎蛋白、β-HCG、LDH全面升高。 CT 過濾器發現肺部、縱隔區、肝臟和胰臟中有許多增強的中樞。耐受性經歷了左側極端睪丸切除術，組織病理學檢查發現卵黃囊腫瘤。開始安靜地進行 BEP 常規化療（博萊黴素、依托泊苷和順鉑）。他對第四種化療模式的最新肯定表明腫瘤標記水平顯著降低。 CT 濾光片顯示，沒有吸氣旋鈕，肝臟和胰尾腫塊的大小也逐漸縮小。
結論：
卵黃囊腫瘤是一種罕見的青少年威脅，在過去幾十年中出現頻率很高。診斷和影像學方面的進步以及醫療手術和基於順鉑的化療使這種疾病成為一種高耐受率的疾病。
介紹：
Testicular tumors are uncommon in adolescence with larger part analyzed to be dangerous. Germ cell tumors (GCT), remarkably the most widely recognized of threatening gonadal tumor involves just 3% of pediatric malignant growths. Yolk sac tumor has been reported to have the most elevated rate among harmful GCT in kids. A yolk sac tumor is an uncommon, dangerous tumor of cells that line the yolk sac of the incipient organism. These cells ordinarily become ovaries or testicles; be that as it may, the reason for a yolk sac tumor is obscure. It is regularly found in kids before the ages of 1 to 2, however can happen all through life. The term yolk sac tumors envelops numerous sorts of tumors including germ cell tumors, teratomas, embryonal carcinoma, aysgermenomas, semenoma, and so forth. These tumors can happen in the testicles, ovaries, chest, mind and different pieces of the body. Testicular yolk sac tumors (otherwise called endodermal sinus tumor of the testis) is the most well-known youth testicular tumor (80%), with most cases happening before the age of two years. In grown-ups, unadulterated yolk sac tumor is incredibly uncommon, anyway blended germ cell tumor are usually observed. Totipotent cells, which later structure extraembryonic fetal films, offer ascent to yolk sac tumors. Perivascular structures called Schiller-Duval bodies can be found in half of tumors and are pathognomonic. AFP (alpha fetoprotein) is raised in >90% instances of yolk sac tumor. Perceptibly, the testis is supplanted by a coagulated mass. Minutely, a positive response for AFP is found in tumor cells. Planned radiologic portrayal of yolk sac tumor is troublesome, anyway a heterogeneous testicular mass favors non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT), and at age <2 years, yolk sac tumor is the supported determination. Heterogeneous testicular mass sore with post-differentiate heterogeneous upgrade, with zones of drain/rot. In the event that the tumor is confined to the testis, and if the serum AFP isn't raised, orchiectomy is the favored treatment, with close development. In the event that backslide happens, chemotherapy is the treatment of decision. The lungs are the most well-known site of recurrence. Testicular tumors are exceptional in kids, involving around 1% to 2% of every single pediatric harm. Be that as it may, the rate of testicular tumors in youngsters is expanding, and related bleakness has multiplied during the most recent 40 years. Testicular yolk sac tumors represent 70% to 80% of prepubertal harmful testicular tumors and are the most widely recognized youth testicular disease. The anticipation of testicular yolk sac tumors is subject to early discovery and treatment. Pediatric patients with testicular yolk sac tumors generally present with an asymptomatic scrotal mass beginning phase (I) in the infection procedure. Assessment of the strong scrotal mass incorporates: scrotal ultrasound; chest, stomach, and pelvic registered tomography (CT); and assurance of serum tumor marker levels, for example, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG). A raised serum AFP level is firmly connected with yolk sac tumors in over 90% of patients. The treatment of testicular yolk sac tumors is subject to tumor stage and patient age. Resection and chemotherapy with or without retroperitoneal lymph hub dismemberment (RPLND) is frequently utilized for kids with raised or rising AFP levels as well as retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy.
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