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Distribution of black chaff disease of wheat caused by Xanthomonas campestris PV. translucens in different ecological zones of Pakistan and its management through plant extracts and bio-products

Abdul Rashid, Muhammad Shahjahan, Muhammad Inam–ul-Haq, Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Ehetisham-ul-Haq, Iftikhar Hussain Waris, Muhammad Farooq, Ejaz Perveez and Muhammad Ashraf

Wheat is an important cereal crop chiefly attacked by black chaff disease. Survey of five districts was conducted, maximum disease incidence was noticed in Layyah district. Bacterium was isolated from leaves, spikes and seed tissues, yellowish colonies appeared after 48 hours of incubation. Four plant extracts (Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Terminalia chebula and Capsicum annum) were evaluated at 2, 3 and 5% concentrations against Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens. Capsicum annum significantly retarded bacterial growth at 5% dose after 8 days. Two bio-products (Vampire and Biosal) were evaluated at 2, 3 and 5% doses against bacterial colony growth. Maximum inhibition was noticed by vampire at 5% after 8 days.