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Dry Eye Disease In Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome

Faten Frikha

Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by hypofunction of exocrine glands (mainly the lacrimal and salivary glands) with a wide spectrum of extraglandular manifestations. Dry eyes diseases and their complications may be the first presenting symptoms of SS and are commonly seen in ophthalmology practices. This conference provides a brief overview with an update on primary SS (pSS) and dry eye disease (epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, classification criteria, evaluation and management guidelines of dry eye disease) from the perspective of ophthalmology and internal medicine. The most commonly used classification criteria have been the American-European Consensus Group (AECG) criteria. In 2012, new classification criteria developed using the NIH-funded Sjogren’s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) registry were published. Developments within the fields of medical specialty and biological science have contributed considerably to the understanding of the pathologic process of Sjögren syndrome. One report in 1985 showed human white cell substance DR (HLADR) expression in animal tissue cells of duct gland diagnostic test specimens taken from patients with Sjögren syndrome. The predominant leucocyte infiltrate consisted of helper T cells. herpes virus genotype analysis by PCR disclosed that solely kind I herpes virus genomes may well be detected in thirty fifth of traditional lacrimal glands. herpes virus genotype analysis by PCR disclosed that solely kind II herpes virus nuclear antigens (EBNA-2-deleted) sequence sequences were amplified from traditional lacrimal glands. In distinction, kind I herpes virus genomes (but not EBNA-2-deleted herpes virus sequences) were amplified from duct gland diagnostic test specimens obtained from patients with Sjögren syndrome. All of this data suggests that persistent herpes virus infection plays a task within the duct gland pathology of Sjögren syndrome. Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) has conjointly been involved.