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The Breast Milk’s Hsa-miR-195-5p is a potential Biomarker for the protection against Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1

Linda Mouafo Mekue, Céline Nguefeu Nkenfou, Lorena Zentilin, Jules-roger Kuiaté, Mauro Giacca and Alexis Ndjolo

Background: Some factors have been described to impact mother-to-child transmission of HIV. It is known that it is a cŽmbŝnĂtiŽn of factors that can explain transmission or ƉrŽƚĞctiŽn͘ Other factors such as miRNA can be used as a marker for understanding and ƉrĞĚŝctinŐ the ƉĂƩĞrn of many diseases. The aim of this study was to look at host or viral miRNA that can be used as a marker to predict the transmission or ƉrĞǀĞntiŽn of the HIV-1 from mother-tochild. Methods and Ä®nĚŝnŐƐ͗ The breast milk and plasma samples of 13 ƚrĂnƐmŝƩĞrƐ͕ 56 nŽnͲƚrĂnƐmŝƩĞrƐ and 15 HIV non-infected mothers were collected. The ĚŝīĞrĞntiĂů expression levels of seven human miRNAs (HsamiR-29a-3p, Hsa-miR-29b, Hsa-miR-28-3p, HsamiR-125a-5p, Hsa-miR-149-3p, Hsa-miR-195-5p, HsamiR-191-5p) and one viral miRNA (HIV-miR-N367) were analyzed by miRNA rĞĂůͲtimĞ PCR. Breast milk’s HsamiR-195-5p (p=0.009) and Hsa-miR-191-5p (p=0.003) were upregulated in the nŽnͲƚrĂnƐmŝƩĞr mothers. Plasma Hsa-miR-28-3p (p=0.04) was upregulated in nŽnͲ ƚrĂnƐmŝƩĞr mothers as well. The Hsa-miR-195-5p nĞŐĂtiǀĞůy correlate with the CD4+ count lower than 300 (r=-0.91, p=0.005) and was ŝĚĞntiĮĞĚ as a miRNA having the ƉŽƚĞntiĂů to ĚŝƐtinŐƵŝƐŚ between ƚrĂnƐmŝƩĞr and nŽnͲ ƚrĂnƐmŝƩĞr mothers. Conclusion: This study has shown for the Ä®rƐƚ timĞ the ŝmƉůŝcĂtiŽn of breast milk’s Hsa-miR-195-5p in ƉrŽƚĞctinŐ newborns from acquiring HIV ŝnĨĞctiŽn͘ This miRNAs will be further evaluated in a larger ƉŽƉƵůĂtiŽn of ƚrĂnƐmŝƩĞrƐ and nŽnͲƚrĂnƐmŝƩĞrƐ in order to set a cƵƚŽī for clinical ĞxƉůŽŝƚĂtiŽn͘ ^ŝŐnŝĮcĂncĞ of the study: Expression of Hsa-miR-195-5p in the breast milk’s could be used as a biomarker to predict the outcome of Mother-to-child transmission of HIV.