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Type 1 (T1D), type 2 (T2D), and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) as a single fecal-oral transmitted polymicrobial infection in genetically susceptible individuals

Ivanildo C de Medeiros

 Statement of the Problem: Nowadays, it is admitted that the transmission of a donor disease through transplantation/trans­fer of an unhealthy gut microbiota (dysbiosis) fulfills Koch’s postulates on polymicrobial infections. This is the case of dis­orders such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, obesity, kwashiorkor and environmental enteropathy. This pa­per provides the literature evidence supporting the idea that T1D, T2D and LADA are a single transmissible polymicrobial infection that can spread both intra- and intergenerationally. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Network research fo­cusing on diabetogenic gut microbiota as a crucial environmen­tal factor for the development of all clinical forms of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion & Significance: The transfer of a diabeto­genic gut microbiota to genetically susceptible individuals car­rying an immature intestinal immune system causes T1D and LADA. In contrast, those with intestinal immune maturation will develop T2D. Ultimately, long-term T2D can compromise gut immunity and progress to T1D.