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Type 1 (T1D), type 2 (T2D), and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) as a single fecal-oral transmitted polymicrobial infection in genetically in susceptible individuals

Ivanildo C de Medeiros

Statement of the Problem: Nowadays, it is admitted that the
transmission of a donor disease through transplantation/transfer
of an unhealthy gut microbiota (dysbiosis) fulfills Koch’s
postulates on polymicrobial infections. This is the case of disorders
such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer,
obesity, kwashiorkor and environmental enteropathy. This paper
provides the literature evidence supporting the idea that
T1D, T2D and LADA are a single transmissible polymicrobial
infection that can spread both intra- and intergenerationally.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Network research focusing
on diabetogenic gut microbiota as a crucial environmental
factor for the development of all clinical forms of diabetes
mellitus. Conclusion & Significance: The transfer of a diabetogenic
gut microbiota to genetically susceptible individuals carrying
an immature intestinal immune system causes T1D and
LADA. In contrast, those with intestinal immune maturation
will develop T2D. Ultimately, long-term T2D can compromise
gut immunity and progress to T1D.